Difference between revisions of "Probiotics versus Microbiome Engineering (Biotechnology and Society 2016)"

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==== [[Media:Lab_Made_Versus_Genetically_Modified_Food_Pre-Discussion_Questions_2016F.pdf| Download Pre-Discussion Questions (PDF)]] ====
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==== [[Media:Probiotics_Versus_Microbiome_Engineering_Pre-Discussion_Questions_2016F.docx| Download Pre-Discussion Questions (MS Word)]] ====
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==== [[Media:Policy_Czar_Template.docx | Download Policy Czar Template (MS Word)]] ====
 
==== [[Media:Policy_Czar_Template.docx | Download Policy Czar Template (MS Word)]] ====
  
 
== Everyone ==
 
== Everyone ==
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[[File:In-vitro-meat.jpg|450px|thumb|right|Samples of in-vitro meat grown at the University of Maastrich November 9, 2011 (Image from [http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/11/us-science-meat-f-idUSTRE7AA30020111111 this article]) ]]]  
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[[File:Microbiome sm.jpg|450px|thumb|right|There are more bacterial cells in your body than human ones. (Image from [http://hmpdacc.org this site]) ]]  
  
 
==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
 
==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
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#  [https://www.ted.com/talks/rob_knight_how_our_microbes_make_us_who_we_are] "How our microbes make us who we are". (17 min) <br> Talk by Rob Knight about the human microbiome, Feb 2014.
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#  [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v518/n7540_supp/full/518S10a.html] "Microbiome engineering." Brief Sonnenburg article on potential applications of microbiome engineering. 
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#  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4606237/] Achievements and future prospects in microbiome engineering.
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#  [http://hmpdacc.org/health/ethical.php NIH Microbiome Project.] Ethical concerns of microbiome research and probiotics.  Read abstract for each section.  <br>
  
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# [http://blog.ted.com/2013/08/06/meet-the-new-meat-a-tedx-talk-to-pair-with-the-first-lab-grown-hamburger/ Mark Post TED Talk] "Meet the new meat". (20 min) <br> Talk by main scientist behind the $325,000 test tube burger announced in August 2013.
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== 1. Fecal Transplants ==
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# Stephens, N. In Vitro Meat: Zombies on the menu? ''SCRIPTed'' '''7''' (2), August 2010. <br> General introduction to the state of this technology and its societal implications.<br>[http://www2.law.ed.ac.uk/ahrc/script-ed/vol7-2/stephens.asp View paper on SCRIPTed website.]
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
 
==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
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# [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3365524/] Fecal microbiome transplant in the treatment of C. difficile
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# [http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v107/n11/pdf/ajg2012251a.pdf] History of fecal transplants.
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# [https://www.cag-acg.org/images/cddw/working-with-the-bugs_fecal-microbiota-transplant_surawicz.pdf] Slideshow summary of fecal microbiome transplants by gastroenterologists (some medical jargon, but informative).
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# [http://thepowerofpoop.com/epatients/fecal-transplant-instructions/] Do it yourself fecal transplants. Yep.
  
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# Langelaan, M.L.P., Boonen, K.J.M., Polak, R.B., Baaijens, F.P.T., Post, M.J., van der Schaft, D.W.J. Meet the new meat: tissue engineered skeletal muscle. ''Trends in Food Science & Technology'' '''21''':59-66 (2010). <br> Scientific review of state of the art in the in vitro meat field.<br>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224409002957 Find the paper here].
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== 2. Microbiome and Obesity  ==
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# NewHarvest [http://www.new-harvest.org/ New Harvest Website] <br> This is a "non-profit research organization advancing alternatives to conventionally produced meat". Explore links from their website for at least 10-15 min.
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#PETA Offers $1 Million Reward to First Person to Make 'Test Tube' Meat <br> Read post on [http://www.peta.org/features/in-vitro-meat-contest.aspx PETA website].
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# Catts, O. (2003) "The Tissue Culture and Art Project: Disembodied Cuisine" Art Exhibit. <br> [http://lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/tca/disembodied-cuisine/ Web site] for art project that was one of the first examples of in vitro meat.<br>See also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victimless_Leather Victimless leather].
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== 2. Soylent ==
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar====
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#  [http://www.nature.com/ctg/journal/v6/n6/full/ctg201516a.html] Summary of possible mechanisms relating gut microbiome to obesity.<br>
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# [http://mbio.asm.org/content/7/4/e01018-16] Recent review critiquing microbiome role in obesity.
  
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==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
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== 3. Probiotic ''E. coli'' Nissle 1917 ==
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# [https://www.soylent.com/ Soylent.com] <br> [https://vimeo.com/148258876 Watch their intro video "What is Soylent?" (2 min)].
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# Widdicombe, L. The end of food: has a tech entrepreneur come up with a product to replace our meals? The New Yorker. May 12, 2014. <br> [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/05/12/the-end-of-food Read online]
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# Soylent Subterfuge: When a bad joke turns into a business. PricePlow Blog. July 24, 2013.<br> [https://blog.priceplow.com/soylent Read online]
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
 
==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
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# [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23457295] Behnsen,J., Deriu, E., Sassone-Corsi, M., Raffatellu, M. (2013) Probiotics: Properties, examples, and specific applications. ''CSH Persp. Med.'' '''3''':a010074.<br>Concentrate on the general background and section on ''E. coli'' Nissle.
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# [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27640192]  Ou B., Yang Y., Tham W.L., Chen, L., Guo, J., Zhu, G. (2016) Genetic engineering of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for clinical application. ''Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.'' '''100''':8693-8699.
  
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# Helton, J. Soylent: What happened when I went 30 days without food. The Hustle. Sept. 8, 2015. <br> [http://thehustle.co/soylent-what-happened-when-i-went-30-days-without-food Read online]
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== 4. Oral Microbiome Engineering ==
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# Rhinehart, R. "What's in Soylent" Mostly Harmless Blog. Feb. 14, 2013. <br> [http://robrhinehart.com/?p=424 Read online] <br> Also, look at other posts on this blog by Soylent founder.
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== 3. Golden Rice  ==
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[[File:Golden_rice.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Golden Rice.]]
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==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
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# Potrykus, I. (2001) The 'Golden Rice' Tale. ''In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.'' '''37''':93-100. <br> Account of the development and dissemination of Golden Rice by its main inventor.<br> [http://www.goldenrice.org/PDFs/The_GR_Tale.pdf Article posted on Golden Rice.org]
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# Enserink, M. Golden rice not so golden for Tufts. ''ScienceInsider'' Sept. 18, 2013. <br> Details ethical issues with a recent Golden Rice trial involving children in China.<br>[http://news.sciencemag.org/asiapacific/2013/09/golden-rice-not-so-golden-tufts Article on ScienceInsider website]
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
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# Harmon, Amy. "Golden Rice: Lifesaver?" ''New York Times'' August 24, 2013. <br> Describes recent vandalism of Golden Rice trial in the Philippines and associated issues with GM crops.<br>[http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/25/sunday-review/golden-rice-lifesaver.html Article at New York Times]
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# [http://irri.org/ International Rice Research Institute]
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# [http://www.goldenrice.org/ Golden Rice Project Official Website]
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# [http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,997586,00.html Golden Rice TIME Magazine cover article, 2000]
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# [http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/genetic-engineering/Greenpeace-and-Golden-Rice/ Greenpeace and Golden Rice]
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== 4. Roundup Ready Crops ==
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==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
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# Duke, S.O., Powles, S.B. (2008) Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide. Pest Manag Sci. 64:319-325 <br> Review of the development of glyphosate and resistant GM crops, and evolution of resistant weeds. <br> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=18273882 Link to article]
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# Entine, J. "Scientists Savage Study Purportedly Showing Health Dangers of Monsanto's Genetically Modified Corn" ''Forbes'' Sept. 20, 2012. <br> Report on reactions to study purporting Roundup Ready&reg; corn causes cancer in rats. <br>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2012/09/20/scientists-savage-study-purportedly-showing-health-dangers-of-monsantos-genetically-modified-corn/ Article at Forbes]
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
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# [http://www.monsanto.com/whoweare/Documents/swfs/monsanto_history.swf?theme_str=/whoweare/Documents/xml/_theme.xml Official Monsanto Roundup Timeline – Click on the Roundup link in the interactive history presentation]
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# Pollack, A. "As patent ends, a seed’s use will survive." ''New York Times'' August 24, 2013. <br> Describes intellectual property issues of selling GM seeds.<br>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/18/business/18seed.html?_r=0 Article at New York Times]
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== 5. AquAdvantage Salmon ==
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==== Required Reading/Viewing ====
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# Rethink Water DK. Rethinking Fish Farming <br> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OfB7_og2m0 Watch video (5 min)]
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# Colburn, J. The Risk of Genetically Engineered Accidents. NEPA Lab Website. Nov. 20, 2015<br> [http://www.nepalab.com/?p=1150 Read online]
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# Upton, H.F., Cowan, T. Genetically Engineered Salmon. Congressional Research Service. December 8, 2015. <br> [http://nationalaglawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/assets/crs/R43518.pdf Link to PDF] <br> See especially the section "AquaBounty Case: The First Genetically Engineered Food Fish" that begins on page 10.
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==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
 
==== Extra Links for the Policy Czar ====
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# [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12369203] Hillman, J.D. (2002) Genetically modified ''Streptococcus mutans'' for the prevention of dental caries. ''Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek'' '''82''':361-366.
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# [http://www.oragenics.com/about] Oragenics, a company devoted to engineering the oral microbiome.
  
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# [https://aquabounty.com/ AquaBounty website] - See especially the FAQ under "Innovation".
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== Additional Links ==
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# [http://www.nature.com/news/scientists-swab-c-section-babies-with-mothers-microbes-1.19275] Scientists swab C-section babies with mothers' microbes

Latest revision as of 19:13, 10 October 2016

Download Pre-Discussion Questions (MS Word)

Download Policy Czar Template (MS Word)

Everyone

There are more bacterial cells in your body than human ones. (Image from this site)

Required Reading/Viewing

  1. [1] "How our microbes make us who we are". (17 min)
    Talk by Rob Knight about the human microbiome, Feb 2014.
  2. [2] "Microbiome engineering." Brief Sonnenburg article on potential applications of microbiome engineering.
  3. [3] Achievements and future prospects in microbiome engineering.
  4. NIH Microbiome Project. Ethical concerns of microbiome research and probiotics. Read abstract for each section.

1. Fecal Transplants

Extra Links for the Policy Czar

  1. [4] Fecal microbiome transplant in the treatment of C. difficile
  2. [5] History of fecal transplants.
  3. [6] Slideshow summary of fecal microbiome transplants by gastroenterologists (some medical jargon, but informative).
  4. [7] Do it yourself fecal transplants. Yep.

2. Microbiome and Obesity

Extra Links for the Policy Czar

  1. [8] Summary of possible mechanisms relating gut microbiome to obesity.
  2. [9] Recent review critiquing microbiome role in obesity.

3. Probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917

Extra Links for the Policy Czar

  1. [10] Behnsen,J., Deriu, E., Sassone-Corsi, M., Raffatellu, M. (2013) Probiotics: Properties, examples, and specific applications. CSH Persp. Med. 3:a010074.
    Concentrate on the general background and section on E. coli Nissle.
  2. [11] Ou B., Yang Y., Tham W.L., Chen, L., Guo, J., Zhu, G. (2016) Genetic engineering of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for clinical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 100:8693-8699.

4. Oral Microbiome Engineering

Extra Links for the Policy Czar

  1. [12] Hillman, J.D. (2002) Genetically modified Streptococcus mutans for the prevention of dental caries. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 82:361-366.
  2. [13] Oragenics, a company devoted to engineering the oral microbiome.

Additional Links

  1. [14] Scientists swab C-section babies with mothers' microbes
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